We varied the base station implementation to simulate legitimate vs. faulty but legitimate vs. fake and malicious base stations, where a faulty base station notifies the user of the connectivity disruption and releases the session, while a fake base station continues to hold the session.
In contrast, N is larger if the user equipment connects to a faulty base station and when there is no connectivity to the core network (Figure 2 c), and N is infinite and unbounded if it connects to a fake base station (Figure 2 b).
Once the benign user equipment connects to the fake base station at the RRC layer, the adversary can launch a protocol downgrade from 5G/4G to 2G (i.e., bidding down) attack ; user equipment device identification attack ; SMS phishing attack [10, 11]; or an attack that drains the user equipment battery [9, 12].
Attack capabilities of FBS. A fake base station can be used to attack nearby mobile users. Due to specification and implementation flaws, numerous private information leakage and malicious information injection attacks were proposed. Mulliner et al. presented SMS injection attacks, which resulted in a system crash in some cases.
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The advancement of cellular communication technology has profoundly transformed human life. People can now watch high-definition videos anytime, anywhere, and …
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Recently, rogue base station (RBS) attack is growing common. A RBS attack occurs when an attacker uses a fake base station (FBS) to mimic a legitimate base station, …
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Abstract Fake base stations (FBS) — also known as IMSI catchers and Stingrays — can identify and track mobile phones and further intercept their communication. They …
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The advancement of cellular communication technology has profoundly transformed human life. People can now watch high-definition …
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A fake base station is a well-known security issue in mobile networking. The fake base station exploits the vulnerability in the broadcasting message announcing the base …
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Rogue base station attacks, also known as false base station attacks, pose a significant threat to the privacy and security of mobile users. These attacks involve malicious …
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User equipment connects to the remote Internet and services through multiple nodes, the first of which is a base station. To support its mobility, user equipment connects to …
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The attack of pseudo base station is one of the security problems on mobile terminals, which affects normal communications and disguises as legit users for illegal purposes. To prevent …
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Why Do 5G Networks Still Experience Service Disruptions? While global communication base station deployments have surged by 38% since 2021, service interruptions still cost operators …
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Abstract With 5G technology, traditional industrial and business equipment can now be connected wirelessly in a non-public network separated from public mobile services. …
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User equipment connects to the remote Internet and services through multiple nodes, the first of which is a base station. To support its mobility, user equipment connects to …
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